Overview: The term “Acute Coronary Syndrome” or “ACS” is an umbrella term that describes cardiovascular conditions such as unstable angina (UA), non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). ACS and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are a prominent cause of

Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy Background As pharmacists, we have the opportunity to experience a vast variety of patients with different cultures, social factors, and histories. In our education and practice, we have been trained to understand the science and mechanisms behind

Tobacco Background The use of tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes (vapes/e-cigarettes), remains the leading cause of death and preventable diseases in the US. Smoking tobacco leads to many diseases including lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and many types of cancer. The

For years, debates have swirled on whether aluminum-containing childhood vaccines could be linked to chronic health conditions such as allergies, autoimmune diseases, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Fueled by social media and misinformation, these concerns have persisted despite reassurance from scientists that vaccines are safe.

Hypertension is a leading global health issue and a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Despite numerous treatment options, blood pressure control remains suboptimal in the United States.